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Rapid Action Battalion arrests five militants in Bangladesh_我的网站

一 |     一项由国际合作团队创建的新小鼠脑数据集显示，决策过程会调动整个大脑的神经元活动。                   “即便是可以说相对简单的决策，也会招募到非常多的大脑区域。    Dhaka, Oct 10 (UNI) The Rapid Action Battalion (RAB) has announced the arrest of five people, including one of the major financiers of the new militant outfit under which several youths from different parts of the country, including Cumilla went missing. They were arrested from the Jatrabari and Keraniganj areas in the capital.
According to RAB, the name of the arrested financier is Md Habibullah Habib, 32. The arrestees are Neyamat Ullah, 43, Md Hossain, 22, Rakib Hasnat, 28 and Md Saiful Islam. Of them, three had left their homes in the name of ‘hijrat.
RAB said they had recovered five radical pamphlets, around 300 leaflets and five bags from the arrestees. RAB also has disclosed how the arrested people used to motivate others towards militancy.
RAB further said that arrested Habibullah used to lead the prayer at the Quba Masjid in Cumilla. Besides, he used to teach in a madrasah. He joined the ‘Jamatul Ansar fil Hindal Sharqiya’ in 2020 through Neyamat Ullah. He was one of the major financiers of the organisation.
He used to lead the 'dawat' (inviting to join the ideology or recruitment). He used to collect funds for the organisation in various ways and used to provide money for militant activities.
He also ran a madrasah for two years in the Naikhangchhari area of Bandarban. He used to collect students from different hilly areas and get them admitted to his madrasah. So far, he has recruited around 15-20 members and has sent them for training.
Another arrestee Neyamat Ullah used to be a teacher at a women’s madrasah. He got involved with the organisation through a local person in 2019. Apart from being involved in the dawat (member recruitment process) he was also involved in supervising the youths who had left home. He also had provided shelter to the youths who had left home at different stages.
Arrested Hossain is an electrician and a painter by profession. He has been involved in various activities of the organisation for the last one year.
Rakib used to work as a delivery boy in a courier service. He got in touch with the organisation through Hossain. Incited by radicalism, he went missing some two months ago. And Saiful is a mason by profession. He went missing in August from Noakhali. He got involved with this radical militant outfit through a person in Noakhali.
Earlier on 23 August, some eight youths went missing from Cumilla Sadar. The primary investigation revealed that motivated by radical ideas, they had left home for militant activities.
Meanwhile, the RAB detained four youths while they were preparing to leave their home on 6 September and later handed them over to their families. Shartaj Islam Niloy, 22, one of the eight youths who went missing from Cumilla, returned to his home in the capital’s Kallyanpur area on 1 September.
According to the RAB, based on the information provided by Shartaj, RAB conducted raids in Munshiganj, Narayanganj and Mymensingh areas on 6 October and arrested a total of seven people, including three youths involved in the invitation, supervision and sheltering activities of the militant outfit. The arrested persons provide important and sensational information about the militant outfit.
As part of that, the detective branch of RAB headquarters and RAB-10 conducted a joint drive in the capital’s Jatrabari and Keraniganj area and arrested the five on Sunday night.
RAB says, according to the information provided by the people arrested at different times, the number of youths missing from different parts of the country is more than 50. They had been missing for one and a half months to two years.
Legal action against the arrested persons is underway, said RAB.
UNI MAZ SHK1944。”加州大学洛杉矶分校神经生物学教授、国际脑实验室（International Brain Laboratory，简称IBL）创始成员之一安妮·丘奇兰（Anne Churchland）说。

二 |                    丘奇兰指出，传统的经典模型认为，基于视觉的决策活动路径是：从视觉丘脑传递到初级视觉皮层及其联络区，然后可能到达额叶皮层。但新的研究结果显示，“也许大脑中存在更多的并行处理，而不是我们原先以为的那种线性、逐层的电路结构。

三 | ”                    丘奇兰和其他科学家在2017年建立了IBL，这源于他们对以往小规模决策研究的挫折——那些研究往往一次只分析一两个脑区。

四 | IBL的目标是大规模地研究大脑如何整合信息并做出决策。“我们组成了一个大型团队，因为大家都意识到，只有集体的努力才能在这个长期困扰我们的研究问题上取得突破。”丘奇兰说。                   经过多年努力，IBL团队在12个实验室间统一了研究方法与设备，最终绘制出了小鼠在执行决策任务时的全脑神经活动图谱。该图谱最近发表在《自然》[1]期刊上。结果显示，与选择和运动行为相关的神经活动几乎遍布整个大脑。同一团队发表的另一篇同期论文也发现，基于先验知识（prior knowledge）的决策过程同样涉及广泛的脑区[2]。                   IBL的实验室通过整合来自139只完成视觉辨别任务小鼠的Neuropixels神经记录数据生成了这幅图谱。每个实验室记录的脑区不同，但合起来覆盖了整个大脑。

五 | 最终的数据集跨越了近300个脑区，包含超过62万个神经元的活动，是目前关于决策过程最丰富的数据集之一。

六 | 未参与该研究的拉德堡德大学脑、认知与行为教授弗洛里斯·德·兰赫（Floris de Lange）评价道。                   IBL已将该数据集公开[3]。德·兰赫表示，这将让研究人员“能够以一种非常简便而强大的方式来检验新的科学假设”。                   挑战传统观点                    IBL选择了一种视觉行为任务——它足够复杂，可以揭示决策过程的不同方面，同时又足够简单，能够在不同实验室中重复实现。

七 |                    在实验中，小鼠会看到一个带有黑白条纹的圆形图案出现在屏幕的左侧或右侧，然后它们需要转动一个微小的滚轮，将圆形移到屏幕中央。如果小鼠成功完成任务，就会获得一口水；如果失败，则会听到白噪声作为反馈。在此过程中，电极记录下小鼠从看到视觉提示、作出选择、转动滚轮，到最终获得水或噪声反馈时的大脑活动。                   一旦动物看到视觉提示，大脑中一些可预测的区域（包括视觉皮层、丘脑和前额叶皮层）就会出现活动。                   与选择相关的神经活动不仅出现在皮层区域（这与以往研究一致），还出现在下丘脑、后脑和小脑等皮层下区域。这一发现挑战了“只有少数特定脑区编码决策信息”的传统观点，支持了“决策相关信息在大脑中广泛分布”的新理念。                   “令人惊讶的是，几乎到处都能看到与选择有关的神经活动。”宾夕法尼亚大学的神经科学副研究教授Long Ding说道，他并未参与这项研究。                   与运动和反馈相关的信号也遍布整个大脑：在记录的脑区中，有81%包含可以预测动物滚轮速度的信息；几乎所有被记录的脑区——包括那些与奖励无直接关联的区域——都能准确预测小鼠是否获得奖励，其中丘脑、中脑和后脑的活动最为强烈。                   当小鼠在实验中更频繁地看到圆形出现在屏幕一侧时，它们会逐渐将这种“先验信息”融入下一次的决策之中。研究团队在第二项研究中报告，这种信息广泛分布在大脑的20%至30%区域中，包括早期视觉通路中的感觉处理区域，如背外侧膝状体（dorsal lateral geniculate）。                   这些发现推翻了长期以来的观点——即“先验信息”只会在最后一步才被整合到高级皮层或决策区的过程中。丘奇兰表示：“新的结果表明，先验信息在整个决策过程中都会发挥作用。”                    总体而言，这些研究提示我们，目前关于决策机制及其控制脑区的模型可能过于局限，其他尚未探索的脑区也可能同样重要。

八 |                    尽管分析表明，即使在感觉处理的早期阶段，大脑的分布式网络中也包含与决策相关的信息，但这并不意味着存在因果关系。Ding指出，未来的研究需要确定这些信息是如何被实际用于下一次决策或学习的。                   德·兰赫指出，这一详尽的脑图为后续实验奠定了基础，并可能成为一个“资料库”，帮助神经科学家在自己的实验室中验证结果。最终，这些研究强调了大规模、多实验室合作的重要性，尤其是在研究大脑活动时。                   该国际合作组织如今已扩展至21个实验与理论神经科学实验室，并成立了一个名为IBL 2.0的新团队，计划与新的合作伙伴共享他们积累的工具与经验。丘奇兰表示：“我希望我们的研究能说明，当更多人联合起来时，他们能完成超越单个实验室能力的工作，并为整个领域带来关键性的洞见。”                    参考文献：          [1] International Brain Laboratory.， Angelaki， D.， Benson， B. et al. A brain-wide map of neural activity during complex behaviour. Nature 645， 177–191 (2025).          [2] Findling， C.， Hubert， F.， International Brain Laboratory. et al. Brain-wide representations of prior information in mouse decision-making. Nature 645， 192–200 (2025).          [3] https://viz.internationalbrainlab.org/                    原文：https://www.thetransmitter.org/decision-making/everything-everywhere-all-at-once-decision-making-signals-engage-entire-brain/                    本文来自微信公众号：神经现实，作者：Claudia López Lloreda，译者：EY。

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